Agroforestry and Food Security in Developing Countries

Abstract: Agroforestry—the integration of trees with crops and livestock—offers a sustainable solution to strengthen food security in developing countries. This article examines how agroforestry contributes to the four key pillars of food security: availability, access, utilization, and stability. It highlights ecological mechanisms such as nutrient cycling, soil conservation, microclimate regulation, and pest management that boost productivity and resilience. Case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America illustrate improvements in dietary diversity, income stability, and ecosystem health. The discussion focuses on gender roles, market linkages, and policy frameworks that influence the adoption of these practices. While agroforestry presents clear benefits for livelihoods and the environment, challenges like insecure land tenure, weak markets, and knowledge gaps persist. The paper concludes that integrating agroforestry into agricultural policy, research, and extension systems can transform it from a niche approach to a cornerstone of sustainable food systems in developing countries.

Keywords: Agroforestry, Food security, Developing countries, Sustainable agriculture and Nutrient cycling

Author: Sudhanshu Ranjan

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